In implementing the Munitions Rule, which statement correctly reflects a state option?

• A. Regulate under traditional CERCLA
• B. Regulate via emergency response protocols only
• C. Regulate through joint federal-state agreements
• D. Regulate under the Munitions Rule framework only

Answer: (A)

States can regulate munitions using traditional CERCLA (Superfund) authorities rather than being limited to the Munitions Rule. This option lets a state apply its existing CERCLA-based programs for cleanup and emergency response for releases of munitions and related hazardous substances, aligned with its own regulations and EPA-approved state authorities. The Munitions Rule provides federal standards, but it does not exclude states from implementing munitions regulation under CERCLA authorities. The other choices describe more narrow or different arrangements that don’t capture the recognized state option to use CERCLA-based regulation.